archimedes screw pump for irrigation pump|archimedes screw pump data table

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The Archimedes' screw, also known as the Archimedean screw, hydrodynamic screw, water screw, or Egyptian screw, is one of the earliest hydraulic machines named after the Greek mathematician Archimedes who first described it around 234 BC, although the device had been used in Ancient Egypt. This ingenious invention has stood the test of time and continues to be utilized in various applications, including irrigation systems. In this article, we will delve into the history, functionality, and modern-day use of the Archimedes screw pump for irrigation.

Windsor Castle’s power is supplied through Archimedes screw pumps. A 40-ton screw pump brings water from the Thames to two turbines

Oldest Archimedes Screw Ever Found

The oldest known Archimedes screw was discovered in the ancient city of Hama in Syria. Dating back to the 3rd century BC, this archaeological find provides evidence of the early use of this technology in water management systems. The screw was likely used to lift water from the Orontes River for irrigation purposes, showcasing the ingenuity of ancient engineers in harnessing hydraulic power.

When Was the Archimedes Screw Invented?

The invention of the Archimedes screw is attributed to the renowned Greek mathematician and inventor Archimedes, who described the device in his work "On the Method of Mechanical Theorems." The exact date of its invention is believed to be around 234 BC, although similar screw-like devices were used in ancient civilizations such as Egypt even earlier. Archimedes' contribution to hydraulic engineering revolutionized the way water could be lifted and transported, leading to advancements in agriculture, mining, and construction.

Archimedes Screw Used Today

Despite its ancient origins, the Archimedes screw continues to be used in various modern applications. One of the primary uses of the screw pump is in irrigation systems, where it efficiently lifts water from lower levels to higher elevations, providing a sustainable and energy-efficient method of watering crops. Additionally, the screw pump is employed in wastewater treatment plants, aquaculture facilities, and even renewable energy systems such as hydropower generation.

Archimedes Screw: How It Works

The principle behind the Archimedes screw is relatively simple yet effective. The device consists of a helical screw blade enclosed within a cylindrical casing. When the screw is rotated, water or other fluids are trapped between the helical blades and pushed upward along the screw's axis. The continuous rotation of the screw allows for a steady flow of liquid, making it ideal for applications where a constant supply of water is required.

What Does the Archimedes Screw Do?

The primary function of the Archimedes screw is to lift and transport water or other fluids from lower to higher elevations. In the context of irrigation systems, the screw pump plays a crucial role in ensuring that crops receive an adequate supply of water, especially in areas where natural water sources are limited. By harnessing the power of the screw pump, farmers can efficiently irrigate their fields and promote healthy plant growth.

Archimedes Screw Pump Data Table

To provide a comprehensive overview of the Archimedes screw pump for irrigation, the following data table outlines key specifications and performance metrics of a typical screw pump system:

| Parameter | Value |

|------------------------|-------------------------|

| Screw Diameter | 0.5 meters |

| Pitch Length | 1 meter |

| Rotation Speed | 10 revolutions per minute |

| Flow Rate | 1000 liters per hour |

| Maximum Lift Height | 5 meters |

Archimedes Screw Explained

The Archimedes screw operates on the principle of displacement, where the rotating screw displaces water along its length, causing it to rise within the casing. As the screw turns, water is trapped between the helical blades and pushed upward, creating a continuous flow of liquid. The efficiency of the screw pump is dependent on factors such as the pitch of the screw, the speed of rotation, and the diameter of the screw, all of which contribute to the pump's lifting capacity and flow rate.

Diagram of Archimedes Screw


The Archimedes' screw, also known as the Archimedean screw, hydrodynamic screw, water screw or Egyptian screw, is one of the earliest hydraulic machines named after Greek mathematician Archimedes who first described it around 234 BC, although the device had been used in Ancient Egypt. It is a reversible hydraulic machine, and there are several examples of Archimedes screw installations where the screw can operate at different times as either pump o…

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archimedes screw pump for irrigation pump|archimedes screw pump data table